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Showing 20 results · Page 6 for “CompTIA”. More results are available below.
Linux+ · Scripting, Containers, and Automation
A for loop iterates a list: for f in *.log; do echo "$f"; done. A while loop repeats while a test is true, commonly while read -r line; do ...; done < file. Tests use [ ] or [[ ]]: -f checks…
Linux+ · Scripting, Containers, and Automation
docker run creates and starts a container from an image; -d detaches it, -p 8080:80 maps host port 8080 to container port 80 in host-first order, --name labels it, and -v or --mount attaches…
Linux+ · Scripting, Containers, and Automation
A Dockerfile describes how to build one image layer by layer with FROM, RUN, COPY, ENV, EXPOSE and CMD or ENTRYPOINT. A docker-compose.yml describes how to run several containers together on…
Linux+ · Scripting, Containers, and Automation
…, which makes it the easiest to start with and the one CompTIA scenarios most often describe. Puppet uses a master and agents with its own declarative language and manifests. Chef uses a ser…
Linux+ · Scripting, Containers, and Automation
git clone copies a repository; git status shows changed files; git add stages them and git commit -m records a snapshot. git branch and git checkout -b create and switch branches so work sta…
Linux+ · Troubleshooting
A No space left on device error with df -h showing free space usually means the filesystem has run out of inodes, the metadata entries each file needs. Millions of tiny files from mail queue…
Linux+ · Troubleshooting
Work up the stack. ip link shows whether the interface is up; ip addr shows whether it has an address, and 169.254.x.x means DHCP failed. ip route shows the default gateway; ping the gateway…
Linux+ · Troubleshooting
The load average in uptime and top is the number of processes running or waiting in an uninterruptible state, usually disk or network I/O, averaged over 1, 5 and 15 minutes. So high load wit…
Network+ · Networking Concepts
The seven OSI layers from the bottom are physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation and application. Cables, hubs and signalling are layer 1. Switches, MAC addresses and …
Network+ · Networking Concepts
For IPv4, the number of usable hosts in a subnet is two to the power of the host bits minus two for the network and broadcast addresses. A /24 has 8 host bits, 256 addresses and 254 usable. …
Network+ · Networking Concepts
TCP establishes a connection with a three-way handshake (SYN, SYN-ACK, ACK), numbers every segment, acknowledges receipt, retransmits losses and controls flow with windows, so data arrives c…
Network+ · Networking Concepts
IPv6 addresses are 128 bits written as eight hextets, with leading zeros dropped and one run of zeros compressed to a double colon. Every interface gets a link-local address starting fe80::/…
Network+ · Networking Concepts
A maps a name to an IPv4 address and AAAA to IPv6. CNAME aliases one name to another and cannot coexist with other records at the same name. MX names the mail servers for a domain with prior…
Network+ · Network Implementation
Twisted pair categories set bandwidth and distance. Cat 5e supports 1 Gbps at 100 metres. Cat 6 supports 10 Gbps but only to about 55 metres, and 1 Gbps at 100 metres. Cat 6a supports 10 Gbp…
Network+ · Network Implementation
Single-mode fibre has a tiny 9 micron core carrying one light path from a laser, supporting runs of tens of kilometres with little dispersion; it is chosen for distance, not speed. Multimode…
Network+ · Network Implementation
A VLAN is a separate broadcast domain on a switch, so devices in different VLANs cannot talk without a router or layer 3 switch. An access port belongs to one VLAN and sends untagged frames …
Network+ · Network Implementation
Redundant switch links create loops that flood the network with broadcasts; Spanning Tree Protocol elects a root bridge and blocks redundant ports, unblocking them if the active path fails. …
Network+ · Network Implementation
Static routes are typed by hand and suit stub networks and default routes, but do not adapt to failures. Dynamic protocols learn paths. OSPF is a link-state interior gateway protocol that us…
Network+ · Network Operations
Network monitoring uses three complementary sources. SNMP polls devices for metrics such as interface counters and CPU using a manager-agent model with MIBs and OIDs, and devices send traps …
Network+ · Network Operations
Business continuity metrics appear on every exam. Recovery time objective is the maximum acceptable downtime before a service must be restored. Recovery point objective is the maximum accept…
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