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Showing 20 results · Page 5 for “CompTIA”. More results are available below.
DataSys+ · SQL querying
SQL joins determine which rows are combined, filters determine which remain, and aggregation summarizes the result. Confirm the intended grain before calculating a total. Joining one parent …
ITF+ · Computing fundamentals
RAM holds the instructions and data a computer is actively using. It is volatile, so losing power loses its contents. Persistent storage keeps saved files between sessions. Saving moves work…
ITF+ · Network fundamentals
DNS translates names into addresses, while IP addressing identifies network interfaces and routing moves packets between networks. A device can have working network connectivity even when na…
ITF+ · Security foundations
Confidentiality limits who can see information, integrity protects against unauthorized changes, and availability keeps services usable. A control may support several objectives, but the imm…
Linux+ · System Management
systemd manages services as units. systemctl start launches a service immediately but nothing persists; systemctl enable creates the symlinks so it starts at boot but does not launch it now;…
Linux+ · System Management
Each line in /etc/fstab has six fields. The device is best given as UUID=... or LABEL=... because /dev/sdX names can change between boots. The mount point is the directory. The filesystem ty…
Linux+ · System Management
Logical Volume Manager sits between disks and filesystems. Physical volumes are initialised on disks or partitions with pvcreate. A volume group pools physical volumes; vgcreate makes one an…
Linux+ · System Management
Debian and Ubuntu use apt as the front end and dpkg underneath. apt update refreshes the package index, apt upgrade installs newer versions, apt install adds packages and resolves dependenci…
Linux+ · System Management
A crontab line has five time fields followed by the command. Minute is 0 to 59, hour 0 to 23, day of month 1 to 31, month 1 to 12, day of week 0 to 7 where both 0 and 7 mean Sunday. An aster…
Linux+ · System Management
Each file has three permission sets for owner, group and others, and each set sums read (4), write (2) and execute (1). So 640 is rw for the owner, r for the group and nothing for others; 75…
Linux+ · System Management
The ip command from iproute2 inspects and changes networking live: ip addr shows addresses, ip link shows interfaces, ip route shows the routing table, and ip addr add assigns an address unt…
Linux+ · System Management
Processes are controlled with signals sent by kill, pkill or killall. SIGTERM (15) is the default and asks the process to shut down cleanly; well-behaved daemons flush data and exit. SIGKILL…
Linux+ · System Management
Power-on firmware (BIOS or UEFI) locates the bootloader. GRUB2 shows the menu and loads the kernel plus the initramfs, a small temporary root filesystem holding the drivers needed to reach t…
Linux+ · Security
sudo grants specific users the right to run specific commands as another user, usually root, without sharing the root password. Rules live in /etc/sudoers and drop-in files under /etc/sudoer…
Linux+ · Security
OpenSSH server settings live in /etc/ssh/sshd_config. The high-value changes are PasswordAuthentication no to force key-based logins, PermitRootLogin no so attackers must compromise a normal…
Linux+ · Security
SELinux adds mandatory access control on RHEL-family systems using labels called contexts on files, ports and processes. If a web server cannot read a file that has correct ownership and mod…
Linux+ · Security
firewalld manages netfilter rules through zones such as public and internal. firewall-cmd --add-port=8080/tcp changes the running configuration only; add --permanent to write it to disk, the…
Linux+ · Security
User accounts are defined in /etc/passwd with seven colon-separated fields: name, an x placeholder, UID, GID, comment, home directory and login shell. It is world-readable because many progr…
Linux+ · Security
The Linux audit framework records system calls and file access with user context in /var/log/audit/audit.log, and auditctl adds rules such as watching /etc/passwd for writes; ausearch and au…
Linux+ · Scripting, Containers, and Automation
Bash exposes state through special variables. $? is the exit status of the last command, 0 for success and non-zero for failure, and is the basis for if and && logic. $$ is the current shell…
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